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Nickel-titanium (Nitinol) stands out as a superior shape memory alloy (SMA) for micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in biomedical industry due to its shape memory effect, biocompatibility, and superelastic properties. However, its temperature-responsive attributes pose challenges for traditional machining. Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM), which effectively processes conductive materials irrespective of their hardness, offers a solution for the fabrication of micro-features in Nitinol. This research explores into electrochemical dissolution of Nitinol in various ethylene glycol (EG)-based industrial neutral electrolytes, specifically EG + NaCl, EG + NaNO3, and EG + NaBr, to understand their impact on ECMM. Experiments involved fabricating microchannels at three levels of applied voltages using these electrolytes keeping all other parameters constant. Successful microchannels were achieved with both EG + NaCl and EG + NaNO3 electrolytes, with the latter showing the smoothest surface at a roughness (Ra) of 0.276 μm, marking it as optimal for ECMM of Nitinol. Conversely, EG + NaBr electrolyte resulted in an inferior microchannels, proving less effective for anodic dissolution of Nitinol. Potentiodynamic polarization tests through linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) indicated broader passivation in the EG + NaCl and EG + NaBr solutions, limiting Nitinol dissolution, whereas EG + NaNO3 presented minimal passivation, promoting efficient dissolution.

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Electrochemical Micromachining and Potentiodynamic Polarization Analysis of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy in Ethylene Glycol-Based Neutral Solutions

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Abhijeet Sethi,
  • Biswesh Ranjan Acharya,
  • Partha Saha

摘要

Nickel-titanium (Nitinol) stands out as a superior shape memory alloy (SMA) for micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in biomedical industry due to its shape memory effect, biocompatibility, and superelastic properties. However, its temperature-responsive attributes pose challenges for traditional machining. Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM), which effectively processes conductive materials irrespective of their hardness, offers a solution for the fabrication of micro-features in Nitinol. This research explores into electrochemical dissolution of Nitinol in various ethylene glycol (EG)-based industrial neutral electrolytes, specifically EG + NaCl, EG + NaNO3, and EG + NaBr, to understand their impact on ECMM. Experiments involved fabricating microchannels at three levels of applied voltages using these electrolytes keeping all other parameters constant. Successful microchannels were achieved with both EG + NaCl and EG + NaNO3 electrolytes, with the latter showing the smoothest surface at a roughness (Ra) of 0.276 μm, marking it as optimal for ECMM of Nitinol. Conversely, EG + NaBr electrolyte resulted in an inferior microchannels, proving less effective for anodic dissolution of Nitinol. Potentiodynamic polarization tests through linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) indicated broader passivation in the EG + NaCl and EG + NaBr solutions, limiting Nitinol dissolution, whereas EG + NaNO3 presented minimal passivation, promoting efficient dissolution.