The requirement for accurate 3D mapping devices has recently risen due to enhancements in the general performance of sensors as well as portability, and cost-effectiveness for various applications. UAV-based image sensors offer several advantages in applying the SfM approach: it is possible because of advanced computer vision algorithms and other well-established data collecting methods, and high-resolution spatial data. The present paper outlines the enhancement process of UAV-SfM photogrammetry for archaeological sites, particularly those of Samarra, a city situated on the eastern side Tigris River in northern Iraq. This paper analyzes the effect of GCPs, flight height, and processing parameters on 3D data quality in line with the optimized data acquisition strategy and photogrammetric workflow. Results derived indicate that the UAVs of low budget can deliver substantial, robust 3D models in an efficient manner. In addition, errors did not exceed centimeters at a flying height of 52 m once optimized settings and GCP configurations were applied. When the ground control points were used, the total error was 5 cm against actual measurements on the ground. An effective UAV mapping process is therefore established, proving that these could become cost-effective substitutes for the ground-based surveying whenever UAV-acquired imagery is used in precise 3D mapping applications.