The previous chapter examined the formation of identities by examining the role of international actors and whether participants regarded ethno-religious identities as primordially or politically divided in the Syrian conflict. Building on that, this chapter focuses on one of the central questions in Conflict Studies based on the study participants’ perceptions: “Who are the internal actors of the conflict?” The focus is on two internal actors, the Asad Regime and the Free Syrian Army (FSA). The dynamics in different Syrian localities that led to the conflict is also analyzed. The regime is narrated by distinguishing two periods: Hafez Asad and his son Bashar Asad. The Hama Massacre (1982) in the historical memory and how this collective trauma shaped people's view of the regime are elaborated. What roles people attribute to different actors provides insights into how they understand the causes of the conflict.