Chapter 2 contextualizes Syrian history and the 2015–2016 socio-political context where Syrians experienced becoming refugees. After the context is given, the theoretical framework of the study is discussed. Conflict theories are utilized to analyze the Syrian conflict to show the intertwined nature of internal and external actor dynamics and causes of the conflict. Conflict analysis formulated with participants’ perceptions would bring insights into possibilities and challenges in the future of Syria as a new governing structure is emerging after the collapse of the regime. Distinguishing social categories from groups is intended to broaden the discussion on identity, group membership, and positionality of individuals in micro, meso, and macro levels of social structures. The argument developed in this chapter is instrumental in understanding human agency through relational pragmatics that is shaped within dual spatiality and multiple temporalities for refugees.