In this work, a method for measuring the transmission error of screw jack mechanism is presented. The method is based on a full-field measurement using three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technology. Its outstanding advantage is that the position and direction of surface can be measured. In order to demonstrate the method’s capabilities, two test cases were carried out. The backlashes of different reciprocating motion displacements were obtained, and the positioning errors of nut assembled on screw were measured. The final results indicated that this method is successful in the characterization of the transmission accuracy.