The resilience of military communication networks against attacks and their ability to provide stable communication services directly impacts the outcome of military conflicts. Thus, their inherent robustness against attacks is crucial. This paper addresses the mapping problem of military communication network structures under random attacks and proposes a heuristic military communication network mapping optimization algorithm that takes attacks into account. First, a corresponding network structure model is established by considering the topological characteristics of military communication networks, modeling the military communication network as a dual-layer network consisting of physical and virtual layers. Second, with the goal of enhancing network robustness, an objective function is designed based on the surplus and balance of physical network link bandwidth resources, and a military communication network mapping optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. The mapping effects under different algorithms are compared and analyzed through simulations, validating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which has certain reference significance for further research on the military communication network mapping problem.