Electric vehicles generate a large amount of data during operation, such as vehicle travelling routes, charging and discharging patterns, road condition information, etc., which are of great significance for grid planning and construction, charging and discharging facility management, and autonomous driving. However, electric vehicle data involves personal privacy and security issues, and traditional vehicle data security sharing methods can hardly meet the demand of decryption key distribution and one-to-many sharing in complex dynamic environments. To address the above challenges, this paper improves the traditional one-to-many data security sharing architecture to construct a new lightweight data security sharing framework. The method combines broadcast encryption, proxy re-encryption and anonymous authentication techniques, and improves the traditional encryption method, and ultimately realizes one-to-many secure data sharing between restricted vehicles while the edge computing vehicles in the system can directly share data with nearby vehicles through anonymous authentication, thus alleviating the backbone bandwidth pressure and improving the efficiency of the overall data sharing in the system. After theoretical proof and experimental validation, the efficiency of one-to-many data sharing in vehicular networking is significantly improved, and the resource utilization and data security of data sharing are enhanced. The proposed method is of great significance for data sharing among vehicles and can enhance the performance and efficiency of the overall Telematics system.