A clear, smooth, and regular cornea is essential for optimal visual function. Corneal dystrophies include a wide variety of pathologies that affect the health of the cornea. As a rule, they are hereditary and bilateral, and for the most part, they have few systemic manifestations. Corneal dystrophies vary in prevalence and symptoms; some cause primarily ocular surface symptoms, while others present predominantly with vision loss. Corneal dystrophies may be categorized by the specific layer of the cornea affected, and in this chapter, it will be discussed starting with the anterior corneal layers and proceeding posteriorly. We will focus on the most common corneal dystrophies except for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, which is covered elsewhere.