The relationship between agriculture and traditional knowledge, and its function in promoting sustainable production and consumption practices are intricate. The traditional agricultural knowledge (TAK) acquired over time is important in optimizing farming techniques, enhancing crop diversity, and managing resources. Application of this knowledge and practices, such as organic/natural farming, seed preservation, and water conservation, can strengthen our food security and may also promote biodiversity, system resilience, ecological harmony, and preservation of cultural heritage. We must recognize the value of indigenous crops, the preservation and conservation of traditional seed varieties, region-specific agricultural practices, and their effective utilization for sustainable and resilient agriculture. Integration of TAK/practices into mainstream agricultural research, education, and extension services through promotion and policy interventions is a demand of time. In this chapter, we shall discuss the importance of TAK in overcoming the challenges faced by present agriculture due to rapid urbanization, industrialization, population explosion, climate change, and the modernization/commercialization of farming practices.