Numerical Simulation Study on Subdivision, Dense Cutting, Flow Limiting, Perforation and Fracturing of Shale Oil and Gas Wells
摘要
On the basis of the “dense cutting” mode, a new generation of fracturing technology pilot tests with few segments, multiple clusters, and limited flow perforation have been carried out in shale oil and gas wells, and good application results have been achieved. However, there is currently a lack of simulation research on subdivision, close cutting, limited flow perforation and fracturing, and a lack of theoretical guidance for optimizing process parameters. For this purpose, a fully coupled model of “wellbore hole crack propagation” in horizontal wells was established based on the boundary element method. The initial non-uniform stress field conditions and the abrasive effect of sand carrying fluid on the wellbore were considered, and the effects of process parameters such as cluster number, perforation number, non-uniform perforation, sand adding strength, and displacement on the propagation of multiple cluster cracks under the limit flow limiting process conditions of multi cluster dense cutting were simulated. The simulation results show that when the initial geostress is heterogeneous and conventional fracturing is used (with a perforation quantity of 60 holes/section), the amount of fluid entering each cluster of fractures is mainly controlled by the geostress distribution, and the amount of fluid entering high stress clusters is relatively less. As the difference in stress distribution within the section increases, the degree of non-uniform propagation of cracks in each cluster increases, and ineffective perforation clusters will appear in high stress areas. The higher the concentration of the proppant and the faster the flow rate through the perforation, the higher the erosion efficiency at the perforation site, exacerbating the degree of non-uniform expansion of cracks in each cluster. By using limited flow perforation, as the number of perforations in a single section decreases, the flow limiting effect of perforation hole friction will balance the difference in liquid inflow caused by induced stress interference, resulting in a reduction in the resistance difference of fluid flow in each cluster of fractures. However, excessively reducing the number of perforations will significantly increase the construction pump pressure, bringing difficulties to ground equipment.