The traditional classroom approach, which emphasizes textbooks and paper exams, is becoming less and less relevant to students who are digital natives. To effectively engage and meet the needs of today’s learners, educators must embrace innovative pedagogical approaches that harness the power of technology to create immersive, interactive, and personalized learning experiences. This study presents an enhanced game-based learning (GBL) framework, called XRGBL Framework, that is specifically built to cater to many forms of learning, such as academic subjects, psychomotor skills, and critical thinking. The framework comprises three interconnected components: learning, practice, and assessment, all employing immersive virtual reality (VR) settings and game-based dynamics. Each component comprises a model formulated based on an inquiry-based approach to promote learning. A guideline for designing a GBL system using this proposed framework is provided to assist the planning and integration of GBL with the curriculum.