The Catholic Church in partnership with the government of Kenya provides quality education. As such, Catholic schools are spread in many parts of the country often attracting students from all backgrounds. The review of literature shows that there is an attempt to research on Catholic education and schools although the studies are most focused on the historical perspectives on Church’s contribution towards education, academic performance, achievements and challenges. It is clear that there are other areas that have not been looked at to contribute in the discourse of Catholic schools. This is why this chapter sets out to explore the importance of research on Catholic education in the context of Kenya. It introduces the reader to what makes a school Catholic, explores the importance of research into Catholic schools, aspects that still require critical inquiry, challenges facing the Catholic Education researchers such as resistance, unwillingness and complexity in measuring some variables related to the Spirit. The chapter proposes the suitable methodology for studying different aspects of Catholic schools.