Housing in a Modern Developing City: Driving the Sustainable and Smart Future: A Case Study of Moscow, Russia
摘要
The study presents for the first time an attempt of analysis of sustainable smart housing practices in Moscow focusing on a city dweller position and people-centered city and peer-to-peer governance paradigm. The analysis of social, sustainable, smart housing as an urban one was made in the complex triple framework of the research: housing—urban environment—city to find general and specific characteristics of housing in a modern megacity in a developing BRICS country. Megacities as engines for a country’s economic and social development, and drivers of regional urbanization are becoming the dominant model for realizing a social, sustainable, innovative society and future. In the New Reality, the multipolar world is no longer America-centric or Euro-centric; there is a growing need for the BRICS-oriented concepts, and the paper presents the main features of sustainable smart urban housing and city in the context of the BRICS countries. The results at the methodological level highlight a conceptual research framework based on the characteristics of a sustainable smart city in the social context. It is proved that the evolution of modern city and housing standards increasingly centers on the needs of the average city dweller, who should actively participate in community and city life and management. As it is found, these standards transform the vertical management model of modern city and housing, into a horizontal peer-to-peer (P2P) model that aligns with the latest U4SSC’s KPIs for Social-Cultural Sustainability in People-Centered City Governance. In BRICS countries, the analysis of sustainable smart city and housing practices in accordance with SDG 11 shows the extensive internet coverage across nearly all BRICS+ cities, but despite the high level of digitalization, cities in the study face issues with data openness, which conflicts with the horizontal peer-to-peer communication model involving all city stakeholders to the city governance. At the city level, it is found that Moscow as the object of the research presents a new standard of sustainable smart housing and living created by the social state. It provides accessible housing through social initiatives such as renovation and comprehensive territory development. Digital and smart solutions are implemented at every level of urban life and management in the framework of Smart City 2030 program. Most importantly, the city as a service enables city dwellers to become co-creators in urban planning and projects. Through digital tools, the city remains highly accessible, especially to its residents, and the decisions of citizens are put into action nearly every day. The study highlights the problems of the future of housing in a smart sustainable futuropolis because the next phase of sustainable smart urbanism and housing—whether through hyper-urbanization or de-urbanization—positions technology companies and digital platforms as key drivers in shaping sustainable and smart cities and housing. The diverse practices of sustainable smart housing observed across Moscow and BRICS cities, along with the challenges and transformations highlighted in the study, underscore the need for a BRICS-centered qualitative research, the newest KPIs and ratings that prioritize sustainable smart housing as the core element of sustainable smart urban areas, empowering active and creative citizens.