Climate change and agricultural water resource development have constrained the water use and landscape pattern of shelterbelts. This study applied remote sensing technology to extract and evaluate the landscape pattern of shelterbelts, combined with the water consumption law of oasis shelterbelts, to calculate water consumption. The results show shelterbelts increased from 674.87 km2 in 2017 to 784.68 km2 in 2020. The landscape fragmentation index of shelterbelts also increased to 16.88, and the landscape disturbance degree in shelterbelts in 2020 was higher than that in 2017, with water consumption rising from 4.1 billion m3 in 2017 to 5.2 billion m3 in 2020. Understanding the development status of the landscape pattern of shelterbelts and scientifically calculating the water resources consumed by shelterbelts provide a scientific basis for water resource management in oasis shelterbelts in arid regions.