Establishment of an Automatized Groundwater Monitoring Network for Assessing the Impacts of Human Activity and Meteorological Factors on Municipal Environment in the Great Hungarian Plain
摘要
Environmental data has considerable value. However, traditional sampling often lacks sufficient data for comprehensive analysis. The present study aims to demonstrate how automated monitoring devices can supplement traditional methods with high temporal resolution data. Since 2011, we have been conducting groundwater investigations in a settlement located in the Hungarian Great Plain. However, measurements for this period are only available at monthly, seasonal, or annual resolutions. Therefore, in addition to the installation of an automatized meteorological station Garni 3015 Arcus, we installed three Hungarian-developed DA-SLKTRB 122 continuous groundwater level, temperature, and electrical conductivity (EC) measuring instruments in the settlement in 2023. In the present study, data series (hourly measurements, in total: 7296) from December 2023 to October 2024 are evaluated. During this period, the precipitation amount was 408 mm. The results indicate significant fluctuation in groundwater levels (1.8 m), which correlate with the lower precipitation levels in the summer months. The EC did not show significant changes following precipitation events. The lowest EC values (1810–2200 µS/cm) were measured in well 2, while the highest values (6150–6300 µS/cm) were recorded in well 3, respectively. The water temperature in the wells reached its minimum at the end of January, with the lowest value recorded in Well 3 (9.7 ℃), which had the lowest water level. The highest values were measured in September, with the maximum temperature (17.9 ℃) recorded in well 2 with the highest water level. It can be stated that high temporal resolution measurements improve the assessment of water resources and complement conventional methods.