Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have quickly become popular as an alternative to conventional tobacco products. This chapter explores the structure and main components of e-cig devices. The atomizer is a key part that heats the e-liquid to create aerosols inhaled by users. It includes a resistance wire coil, a wick for e-liquid transport, and a housing. The coil’s resistance is crucial because it affects temperature and aerosol mass, which potentially influence harmful substances in the vapor. E-cig batteries vary in type and capacity, which affect the vaping experience; however, safety concerns arise from incidents of explosions and burns, emphasizing the need for improved regulation and design. The appealing designs of e-cigs, which are often attractive to children, raise public health issues about the normalization of vaping and potential nicotine addiction among minors. Proper disposal and recycling of e-cig devices are vital to reduce their environmental impact. Complex materials, including hazardous lithium-ion batteries, complicate recycling efforts. Emerging initiatives seek to tackle these challenges, but comprehensive solutions and regulations are necessary. This chapter highlights the importance of understanding the e-cig anatomy to inform health research, guide regulations, and develop strategies to reduce their appeal to minors and environmental impact.