Millions of tonnes of plastic have contaminated the environment over time. Plastics are produced frequently for single use and come in a wide variety. The primary materials used in the plastic products industry are high-density polyethylene (hdpe), polypropylene (pp), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (pvc), nylon, and PET (polyethylene terephthalate). Ocean plastic products—especially those in the form of packaging, fishing sontags, and even vehicle’s tires—are often subject to the sun’s degrading rays, they also transverse by wave action, within marine life, sand rubs, and underwater as well. Plastics are very durable. As a result of the breakdown of these fragments, the quantity of “secondary micro plastics” and “secondary nano plastics” is continuously rising (Prüst et al. 2020). The techniques of sampling and analysis are often employed to investigate the dimensions of micro/nano plastics. Micro plastics mostly range from the common size of 1–5 mm, whereas nano plastics are only approximately 100 nm in length (Murray and Örmeci 2020). The composition of microplastics (MPs) and nano plastics (NPs) changes with their shapes, processes of weathering or wearing away, and periods of stay in the environment (Murray and Örmeci 2020). It has been estimated that more than half, or 52.7%, of both sewage and urban atmospheric deposits predominantly consist offibers and fragments (Annenkov et al. 2021). This review aims to evaluate the various analytical techniques that have been employed including their detection, characterization, and identification of microplastics and nano plastics of various environmental sample matrices. When it comes to the various analytical techniques that may be employed in chemical characterization, apart from FTIR, thermal analysis coupled with Raman and GC-MS spectroscopy techniques, and some other microscopy techniques can also be adapted for studying and defining the various physical and chemical properties of micro and nano plastics. These include transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, polarizing, and fluorescence microscopy. In particular, we are introducing some new methods to tackle the problems associated with the identification of micro and nano plastics. MALDI-TOF MS and Py-GC/MS are among those methods.