Nuclear energy plays a crucial role in addressing global energy and environmental challenges, offering a low-carbon, efficient, and sustainable power source. The development of nuclear reactors has evolved through four generations, focusing on improving safety, performance, and sustainability, with pressurized water reactors dominating the global market. A key component of nuclear reactor safety is the fuel cladding, which prevents radioactive leakage and must exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and minimal neutron absorption. Zirconium-based alloys have been the material of choice for decades, with advancements like Zr-2 and Zr-4 improving their performance. However, during severe accidents, such as those at Fukushima, zirconium reacts with steam, generating hydrogen and increasing risk. Ongoing research seeks to enhance cladding materials, focusing on improving their performance under extreme conditions to ensure nuclear plant safety and operational efficiency.