Mastitis means inflammation of the breast that affects both lactating and nonlactating women across a wide age group ranging from 15 to 67 years. The inflammation may or may not be associated with infection. Lactational mastitis is the most common form accounting for about 10–30% of breastfeeding women and is invariably bacterial in origin. Most common forms of nonlactational mastitis are periductal mastitis and granulomatous mastitis. Periductal mastitis can be attributed to duct obstruction due to squamous metaplasia leading to recurrent infection and is more common in smokers. Granulomatous mastitis has a strong association with previous pregnancy and other conditions causing prolactin elevation. The treatment varies from watchful expectancy to oral medications like antibiotics, steroids, and immune modulators in resistant cases. Response has been observed by a combination of conservative approach and oral medication in 90% of the women within two years of symptom onset. The resistant ones consisting of less than 10% of cases might need intervention in the form of incision and drainage of the abscess or guided aspiration with injection of steroids in the abscess cavity.