Bio-micro/nanorobots, which leverage the unique mobility and biological properties of natural organisms such as bacteria, cells and exosomes, hold exciting prospects for biomedical applications. Among these, microalgae exhibit excellent biocompatibility, phototaxis, and other unique features, rendering them promising candidates for the development of living bio-micro/nanorobots. As a new micromanipulation tool with the advantages of wireless manipulation with high precision and excellent biocompatibility with minimal invasiveness, light manipulation has become a research hotspot to precisely control the microrobot, especially living bio-microrobots. In this chapter, we discuss the advancements in the light-controlled microalgae robots, focusing on the unique features of microalgae, light-driven mechanisms and highlights their applications in nano-biothreat removal, targeted drug delivery, and the creation of light-deformable soft robots. These light-controlled microalgae robots exhibit high biocompatibility, minimal invasiveness, and show great promise for the biomedical applications in bio-microenvironments.