With the rapid development of aerospace industry, the efficient and intelligent management of aerospace research and production necessitates more valuable archival information resources to aid in decision-making and research. Big data, with its unique value and role, presents new development opportunities for aerospace archival practices. This paper, based on an analysis of the optimization background of aerospace science and technology archive information resource management in the era of big data, focuses on three key areas: expanding the content of science and technology archive resource construction oriented towards data services, leveraging information technology to transform the model of science and technology archive management, and conducting knowledge mining research to establish a “data+” service system for utilizing science and technology archives. The aim of this paper is to propose strategies for optimizing the management of aerospace science and technology archive information resources, thereby providing more valuable resource services for aerospace research and production.