With the continuous development of optical satellite imaging technology, improving satellite imaging quality has become an urgent issue. This paper focuses on optical remote sensing satellites, conducting research and analysis on the relationship between satellite imaging chains and the imaging quality of remote sensing images, utilizing a satellite image simulation platform, delves into the impact of various factors on imaging quality. The research results indicate that solar illumination angle and atmospheric visibility are critical factors affecting the brightness and contrast of satellite images. Additionally, the satellite’s attitude motion in the roll and pitch directions significantly influences the geometric distortion of the images. These research results provide valuable insights into the subsequent image processing processes, which can help develop optimization strategies and improve the quality of satellite imaging, thus advancing the development of related fields.