The localization and tracking of targets have always been a hot topic. In this paper, a target locating and tracking strategy of satellites is proposed to explore the application of satellite Positioning Data. The strategy is mainly focused on maritime targets and establishes tracking models for targets based on their different motions. By adopting the Interacting Multiple Model algorithm, the self-adaptive tracking models can be realized for different motions during the tracking period. Combining with the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm, the target can be tracked more accurately. In this way, the application effect on orbit of Electronic reconnaissance satellite can be improved. The effectiveness is demonstrated through simulation. Finally, by simulating the positioning process of satellites for maritime targets, the estimation effect of course and speed is implemented. The tracking effect of targets in different frequency bands is also analyzed in this paper.