This study addresses the optimization problem of emergency medical supplies scheduling for mobile cabin hospitals under major natural disasters, proposing a multi-objective optimization model aimed at achieving the goals of minimizing scheduling costs and time under uncertainty conditions. The triangular fuzzy number method is used to convert uncertainty conditions into deterministic conditions, and the model is solved based on the NSGA-II algorithm to derive the emergency medical supplies scheduling plan from each supply point to each disaster-affected point. The case analysis indicates that the model is reasonable for emergency medical supply scheduling and that the derived scheduling plan can satisfy actual needs. The effectiveness validation of the model demonstrates that the scheduling plan derived from this model closely matches real-world demands. It can effectively support the emergency medical supply scheduling needs of mobile cabin hospitals across multiple disaster points during major natural disasters, thereby providing decision-makers with a useful reference.