Quantum technology’s emergence sparked a new age of computation, promising exceptional rates of computation and the ability to transform a variety of industries, such as encryption and cybersecurity. The relationship between quantum computing and cybersecurity is explored in this chapter, particularly the effects that quantum technologies have on contemporary information security. The chapter looks at weaknesses in current encrypted data systems due to upcoming large-scale quantum computers, including consideration for Shor’s algorithm and its effect on devised encryption methods [Tutte in Fish and I, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2000]. Moreover, Quantum computing has ten times more power than traditional computers when it comes to solving complex problems, thus having both advantages and disadvantages to cybersecurity. On the other hand, there is a need for quantum-resistant encryption algorithms to protect confidential information from future break-ins. In addition, by using quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, quantum computing can enhance the security level against cyberattacks. This chapter examines the principles of quantum computing regarding its connection to cybersecurity, focusing mainly on weak points in relation to widely employed responses to Shor’s algorithm.