A sustainable supply chain plays a critical role in advancing renewable energy systems, which emphasizes innovation, global collaboration, and interdisciplinary research. The focus on this research area has been increased dramatically. Academic contributions are dominated by topics like “Energy Fuels” and “Green Sustainable Science Technology.” Prominent establishments such as Imperial College London and Iran University spearhead these initiatives, demonstrating worldwide involvement. The efficiency of resource use, waste reduction, and energy distribution has greatly increased with the integration of cutting-edge technologies like blockchain, smart grids, and artificial intelligence. International cooperation has also been crucial; successful information exchange is demonstrated by European offshore wind farms and African solar projects. Future directions center on connection with the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN, circular economy concepts, and regional adaptations. A robust and equitable future for renewable energy is made possible by sustainable supply chains, which tackle technological, financial, and environmental issues.