Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is the most common medical disorder of pregnancy. HIP affects 16.9% of pregnancies worldwide in some or other forms. The prevalence is as high as 25.0% in the South-East Asia region, which is much higher than North America and Caribbean Region where it is 10.4%. The low- and middle-income countries encounter more than 90% of cases of HIP [1]. Hyperglycemia is one of the most common medical complications in pregnancy, affecting an estimated 15.8% of live births in 2019. Out of this, approximately 84% were affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 16% had preexisting diabetes, which preceded pregnancy or were first time diagnosed during antenatal period [2]. The occurrence of maternal and fetal complications is on the higher side in women with GDM, e.g., preeclampsia, fetal macrosomia (resulting in shoulder dystocia and birth injury), and neonatal hypoglycemia (Fig. 6.1) [3, 4].