Spectral information and arc sound data provide crucial insights into the material state and energy conversion during welding processes, including plasma temperature, component concentrations, and arc stability. These data are essential for real-time monitoring of welding quality and stability. Additionally, by analyzing this information, it is possible to promptly identify and alert potential defects and anomalies that may occur during welding processes. Subsequently, timely adjustments of welding parameters or corresponding measures can be taken to prevent the occurrence or expansion of defects, thereby improving welding quality and efficiency. Furthermore, utilizing spectral information and arc sound data for intelligent welding monitoring enables automated control of welding processes, reducing manual intervention and enhancing production efficiency and consistency.