Sea Surface Wind Estimation
摘要
The see wind field plays a crucial role in weather and climate research, sea-air interaction studies, and maritime shipping safety. Traditional see wind speed observation techniques struggle to provide high spatiotemporal resolution wind speed data to meet scientific and commercial applications across the vast ocean surface. Marine buoys offer high-precision in-situ wind speed measurements, while their deployment is costly, and most are deployed near coastal regions, leading to significant spatial unevenness in global sea wind field observations. Space-borne microwave scatterometers can remotely sense sea surface wind speeds at specific working frequency bands, but they are susceptible to cloud and precipitation interference. Due to the high deployment costs of these dedicated satellites, denser ocean satellite constellations are challenging and also the timeliness of wind speed observations is constrained by the revisit cycle of individual satellites. The space-borne GNSS-R remote sensing technology acquires GNSS signals reflected from the ocean surface using a GNSS-R receiver mounted on a LEO small satellite, and provides a bistatic radar scatterometer for sea surface wind speed retrieval. GNSS-R equipment is lightweight and energy-efficient, significantly reducing deployment costs of this remote sensing technology. Through optimized satellite networking, it can achieve continuous and rapid observation of global sea surface wind speeds, effectively addressing the low spatiotemporal resolution limitations of traditional space-borne monostatic scatterometers and radiometers.