The Fourth Industrial Revolution has had a profound impact on the development of human resources in science and technology, including the social mobility issues of this particular workforce. In recent years, Vietnam has proactively approached and oriented its policies to adapt to the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, focusing on training and attracting scientific and technological talents to contribute to the development of organizations and the nation. Recognizing the characteristics of Vietnamese human resources in science and technology and their concerns regarding the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the author group will apply the social mobility approach to analyze some of its impacts on the social mobility of the Vietnamese S&T workforce, such as changes in management philosophy, the emergence of priority technology fields attracting mobility streams, the development of virtual communities, and mobile social networks.