China has a large number of substations with significant scale and high voltage levels, leading to increasing safety risks and pressures in operation and maintenance. Incidents of electrical equipment and personal safety accidents occur frequently, resulting in substantial economic losses. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the operation and maintenance process in substations. Based on advanced technologies such as BEIDOU/Ultra-Wideband (UWB)/WIFI positioning, video surveillance, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence, methods such as intelligent interpretation of work permits, multi-modal personnel positioning, operation and maintenance risk identification, and proactive early warning are proposed. These methods aim to establish a comprehensive risk prevention and control mechanism for the entire operation process in substations, thereby reducing safety risks for operation and maintenance personnel and enhancing the quality and efficiency of operation process control. The core related technologies have been successfully applied in multiple extra-high voltage substation and ultra-high voltage converter station projects.