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Using the layer-by-layer construction technique enabled by 3DCP, functionally graded concretes with different ultimate tensile strain (UTS) capacities are proposed in this paper, leading to an optimum design of concrete plates. Three types of concrete, which are designed to have different UTS capacities, namely fiber-reinforced engineering cementitious composites (ECC), normal concrete (NC) and geopolymer concrete (GC), are developed. Six groups of 3D printed functionally graded concrete plates are fabricated and tested under bending. The results reveal that the load-bearing capacity of FGC-3-2-1 is comparable to that of ECC plates, while FGC-1-2-3 exhibits the lowest load-bearing and deformation capacities. Increasing the number of ECC layers enhances both the load-bearing and deformation capacities. Additionally, using ECC as reinforcing layer for 3D printed concrete structures significantly improves their load-bearing and deformation capacities. These findings suggest that proper design of functionally graded concrete can significantly reduce the costs of concrete plates without compromising their mechanical properties.

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3D Printed Functionally Graded Concrete Plates: Concept and Bending Tests

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Hou-Qi Sun,
  • Jun-Jie Zeng,
  • Yan Zhuge,
  • Yue Liu

摘要

Using the layer-by-layer construction technique enabled by 3DCP, functionally graded concretes with different ultimate tensile strain (UTS) capacities are proposed in this paper, leading to an optimum design of concrete plates. Three types of concrete, which are designed to have different UTS capacities, namely fiber-reinforced engineering cementitious composites (ECC), normal concrete (NC) and geopolymer concrete (GC), are developed. Six groups of 3D printed functionally graded concrete plates are fabricated and tested under bending. The results reveal that the load-bearing capacity of FGC-3-2-1 is comparable to that of ECC plates, while FGC-1-2-3 exhibits the lowest load-bearing and deformation capacities. Increasing the number of ECC layers enhances both the load-bearing and deformation capacities. Additionally, using ECC as reinforcing layer for 3D printed concrete structures significantly improves their load-bearing and deformation capacities. These findings suggest that proper design of functionally graded concrete can significantly reduce the costs of concrete plates without compromising their mechanical properties.