Induction of Tolerance to Abiotic Stress by Applying Nanostimulants to Crops
摘要
Abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, significantly impacts crop production and yield, establishing a significant challenge to global food security. Nanostimulants are designed to enhance plant resilience and have emerged as a promising approach to mitigate the adverse effects caused by abiotic stresses. Therefore, this chapter is related to how nanostimulants can induce tolerance to abiotic stress in crops, focusing on their role in improving nutrient uptake, stimulation, and antioxidant enzyme activity. By leveraging nanotechnology, specific nanoparticles such as zinc oxide, chitosan, copper, silver, and silica can be precisely applied to crops, enabling targeted responses at the cellular and molecular levels. These nanoparticles interact with crucial signaling molecules and pathways in stress response, enhancing physiological and biochemical adaptations. Findings from various crops demonstrate that nanostimulants reinforce plant defense mechanisms and promote growth and productivity under stress conditions. As agriculture faces increasing abiotic pressures due to climate change, nanostimulants offer a sustainable and effective tool to improve crop resilience. Future research should continue to optimize nanoparticle formulations and application methods to maximize benefits while ensuring environmental safety.