A lignocellulose refinery is a sustainable way to produce biofuels and other value-added chemicals. The pretreatment of lignocellulose biomass (LCB) at a large scale is one of the challenging tasks when considering its large availability in nature as a raw material for energy and beneficial products. Eventually, the processing of LCB became a major area of research and development in recent times, and there is always scope for developing novel, nontoxic pretreatment methods. In nature, some animals, insects, and microorganisms demonstrate energy-efficient and eco-friendly models of LCB utilization. Studies on such natural systems bring insights for the development of inspired LCB biorefineries. Therefore, any proposed nature-inspired refinery not just mimics natural systems in lab models but also attempts to minimize integral limitations of indigenous natural and physicochemical systems. The general attitude of designing the LCB refinery is to improve the productivity of processes in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner. This chapter recognizes the relationship between LCB refinery and nature-inspired systems by understanding their mechanisms, features, and prospects for sustainable development.