Supported by ambitious energy policies, biofuels and bioenergy play a central role in the transition to sustainable energy systems. This article aims to identify the types of biofuels and bioenergy as well as the energy policies that underpin their implementation, while highlighting their advantages and limitations, including the issues surrounding these energy sources. A systematic review guided by the Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) approach was conducted, allowing the selection of 93 relevant documents after excluding several others. The results highlight a steady increase in publications on these energies, reflecting a growing scientific interest in the global energy transition. Five forms of biofuels and bioenergy (solid biofuels, biogas, biodiesels, biogasoline, and others) were identified, each reflecting climate and economic benefits and negative impacts such as biodiversity loss. International (Kyoto Protocol, RED I and II, and others) and regional energy policies have catalyzed progress by promoting strategic frameworks to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promote innovation. However, barriers remain, including high production costs, technological and logistical challenges, and the lack of incentive policies. As a perspective, the study highlights the need for investments in infrastructure, as well as the implementation of strengthened incentive policies to maximize the potential of these energies in the global energy transition.