Advanced genomics techniques have proven to be valuable in unlocking the potential of casuarinas for its industrial traits. Though more than 90 species of casuarina are reported, only few species are domesticated in tropical and subtropical regions. The existence of very low diversity among the species is an alarming threat for extinction of the species. Thus, it is indispensable to study the diversity, improve its adaptability, and conserve the species. DNA marker studies and sequencing provides information on structural variants between the trees which enables elucidation of genetic diversity, marker-assisted selection, and conservation. Casuarina trees resilient to the adverse climate change and global warming can be produced through advanced genomics such as functional genomics and genetic transformation. Additionally, exploring the regulatory mechanisms involved in lignin biosynthesis and nitrogen fixation of casuarina could enhance their economic value. These rationales highlight the necessity to delve deeper into understanding the genetic makeup of casuarina to speed up the pace of selection, tree improvement, and conservation programs.