Shorea species, commonly known as dipterocarps, are vital timber trees native to Southeast Asia, playing a key role in both the region’s ecosystems and its economy. The conservation and sustainable use of these species depend heavily on understanding their genomic resources, which can offer critical insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and adaptive traits. These resources are essential for developing effective conservation and management strategies to protect the diminishing genetic diversity of Shorea species. They also facilitate the identification of key species, populations, and habitats that require priority conservation measures. Furthermore, genomic data can significantly improve tree breeding programs, aiding in the selection of species with desirable traits such as disease tolerance or climate adaptability. Despite the growing interest in Shorea genomics, there is still a limited amount of genomic information available for many species within the genus. This review explores the current state of genomics research in Shorea species, emphasizing its potential to enhance conservation efforts and guide future tree improvement programs. By leveraging these genomic resources, we can make informed decisions to safeguard the genetic resources of Shorea for future generations.