Geo-Spatial Science Use for Disaster Risk Management
摘要
In southern Africa, changes in the intensity, frequency, and duration of weather extremes have resulted in increasing incidences of tropical cyclones, resulting in recurrent droughts and floods. Projected increases in the frequencies and magnitudes of drought and flood events through to 2050, coupled with increasing population in the region, implies increased vulnerability and people at risk. This chapter posits that the use of geo-spatial science to enhance multi-hazard mapping as part of preparedness, mitigation, response and rehabilitation would have contributed to a different narrative with regard to the outcomes of tropical cyclone Idai in 2019. Consequently, geospatial techniques can be utilized effectively in the entire spectrum of the disaster cycle, henceforth enhancing disaster risk management. This chapter demonstrated that biophysical; socioeconomic and geo-spatial data sourced from remote sensing, census, and other spatial and non spatial databases can be employed to evaluate tropical cyclone-related risk. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a variety of geo-spatial methods; comprising of inductive, deductive, and multi-criteria evaluation such as AHP can be used to determine elements at risk. Through the use of geo-spatial science, meteorological hazards such as cyclones, can be better mapped, understood and ultimately anticipated. In conclusion, it was noted that risk, vulnerability, and hazard have a spatial component, that which can best be handled using geo-spatial science. Even though this chapter largely focused on application of geo-spatial science it argues for a blend of such with community-level participatory mapping, which can be a powerful method for disaster risk management. It was therefore concluded that a proper mix of participatory and scientific hazard mapping are critical components to strengthen hazard risk reduction and disaster preparedness.