In this paper, the effect of attenuation coefficient on the performance of the optical carrier suppression (OCS) radio over fiber (RoF) system is evaluated by tuning the radio frequency (RF) signal frequency to either 10 GHz or 15 GHz to ascertain the system performance while adopting variable transmission fiber length (20–50 km) and attenuation coefficient (0.1–0.9 dB/km). The system performance is evaluated in terms of bit error rate, eye height, and quality factor to access the suitable transmission range under minimal to adverse attenuation for the distinct RF signal frequency. The practical implications of our study on the OCS RoF system are significant, for optical communication applications. Understanding how attenuation influences performance enables engineers to create systems. By choosing fiber lengths and taking into account attenuation coefficients they can enhance quality and minimize losses. Furthermore, telecommunication providers can utilize this data to strategize network expansions by placing repeaters or amplifiers to counteract attenuation and extend coverage. Additionally, manufacturers and operators can assess system performance by measuring attenuation coefficients during installation and maintenance activities. In short, these discoveries advance our capability to construct performance optical communication systems. The results indicate that for low attenuation of 0.1 dB/km, the RoF OCS system’s 10 GHz RF signal has a quality factor ranging from 16 to 22 at an initial transmission distance of 20 km. Nonetheless, at 0.1 dB/km attenuation, the quality factor for a 15 GHz RF signal varies from 11 to 16 across a 20 km transmission range. Furthermore, the results from the performance evaluation of the 10 GB/s RF signal RoF OCS system and 15 GB/s RF signal RoF OCS system are comparatively analyzed.