Fiber optic sensing technology has developed rapidly since the end of the twentieth century. According to the working mode, fiber optic sensors can be divided into point type (Fernicola and Crovini 1995), quasi-distributed (Wu in Fiber fence alarm system based on long-distance quasi-distributed FBG sensor. Chongqing University, Chongqing, 2007) and fully distributed (Ukil et al. in Sens J 12:885–892, 2015). Among them, the fully distributed fiber optic sensing technology (Horiguchi et al. in J Lightwave Technol 13:1296–1302, 1995; Zhou et al. in Sensors 13:1836–1845, 2013; Zhang et al. in IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 23:1872–1874, 2011a; Zhang et al. in Photonic Sens 1:54–61, 2011b) is highly valued by domestic and foreign counterparts. The principle is to use the optical fiber to simultaneously sense and transmit signals, measure the changes in temperature and strain and other physical quantities at different locations on the fiber, to achieve distributed sensing measurements at any point along the optical fiber to be measured. This sensing technology allows for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and stress parameters at thousands of points along the fiber optic link, which is extremely attractive in the inspection of large structures such as natural gas pipelines, oil pipelines, subway tunnels, power cables, and bridges, dams, and river embankments.