Micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamins, iron, zinc, iodine, etc., can seriously affect human health. These deficiencies can lead to stunted development, dementia, neonatal problems, and higher mortality rates among children. Iron deficiency anemia is a significant issue among women in developing nations, often exacerbated by high blood loss during menstruation and parturition. Agronomic biofortification, a method that uses micronutrient-rich fertilizers, can improve the nutritional profile of agricultural products for populations with limited access to a variety of diets or supplements. Studies have shown that nanoparticles can aid agronomic biofortification and improve crop performance and nutrient absorption under various ecological conditions. By delivering agrochemicals in a safe, simple, and effective manner, nanotechnology has the potential to transform farming systems and aid in the biofortification of food crops. As such, by incorporating NPs into crop production, we can biofortify food crops and contribute to better overall nutrition. This book chapter explores the use of nanoparticle strategies to improve the nutritional quality of agricultural crops, highlighting potential benefits for global health and food security.