Current pest management strategies often result in substantial off-target effects, including harm to beneficial organisms, soil and water contamination, and bioaccumulation in food chains, thereby raising serious environmental and health concerns. In this context, the advent of nanotechnology has offered new avenues for sustainable and precision agriculture. Among the most promising innovations is the nanoencapsulation of pesticide technology, which involves encapsulating active pesticide ingredients (APIs) within nanocarriers to enhance their delivery, effectiveness, and environmental safety. Nanoencapsulation facilitates controlled release mechanisms, protects AIs from premature degradation, and allows for targeted pest control, significantly reducing the amount of chemicals required and the frequency of applications. These nanocarriers can be engineered to respond to environmental triggers such as pH, temperature, or enzyme presence, thus ensuring that the pesticide is released only in the desired location or condition. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, techniques, and materials involved in the nanoencapsulation of pesticides. It also discusses the types, mechanisms of action, application areas, benefits, and limitations associated with nano-based formulations. Emphasis is given to the role of this technology in promoting sustainable agriculture, mitigating pesticide resistance, and contributing to integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.