The growing global population is placing pressure on agriculture and its food products because they are needed everywhere (Azameti and Imoro, Crop Design, 2(2): 100037, 2023; Bartolucci et al., Order of authors submission files included in this PDF). In contrast, agricultural practices created during the Green Revolution are becoming unsustainable due to climate change and population growth. To meet the present demand, we need a smart and sustainable approach. To meet the present scenario, the input of nanomaterials in the food and agriculture industry is unprecedented (Bartolucci et al., Order of authors submission files included in this PDF; Bayda et al., Molecules, vol. 25(1). MDPI AG, 2020). The application of nanomaterials in agriculture and food production has made a significant contribution in the last several decades (Bayda et al., Molecules, vol. 25(1). MDPI AG, 2020). Maintaining such potentials, nanotechnology has demonstrated the ability to generate and expand opportunities in molecular and cell biology, in addition to technologies like biosensing and micro- or nano-based technology for the accurate identification and detection of various cellular signals, among other things. With a focus on nanomaterials for food and plant disease, nanosensors, nanopesticides, nanofertilizers, and nanolaminates, this chapter seeks to give a concise overview of nanotechnological techniques (Bayda et al., Molecules, vol. 25(1). MDPI AG, 2020; Chand Mali et al., Biochem Biophys Rep 24: 100821, 2020). Compared to traditional approaches, nanopesticides and nanofertilizers provide a regulated and targeted release capacity, indicating greater efficiency. Its characteristics and chemical interactions impact both its efficiency and result, and they also demonstrate significant promise for managing plant pests and their proliferation. The goods derived from nanotechnology in agricultural and food activities could give growers and manufacturers a competitive edge and benefit almost everyone with the new methods that will be utilized to increase food safety and nutritional quality. Furthermore, the clever use of nanosensors has been observed in packaging, food security, and innovative agricultural systems (Chand Mali et al., Biochem Biophys Rep 24: 100821, 2020). Its affordability made it possible to easily identify and evaluate the toxins, compounds that cause sickness, and other components in the environmental and dietary samples. Even though the general public is not well-informed about nanotechnology, it ultimately benefits society greatly. However, the acceptance of nanotechnology will depend on how it is introduced to the market (Das et al., Plant Nano Biol 9, 2024; Elemike et al., Applied sciences (Switzerland) vol. 9(3). MDPI AG, 2019).