While the traditional farming system has significantly enhanced food production on our planet, it has been made possible with a huge number of examples of nanotechnology that occurred in the past centuries. Of all the applied fields of study, nanotechnology presents great promise for long-term food production in the presence of climate change. Agriculture should adopt modern nanotechnology to overcome issues like poor nutrition and inefficient biotic/abiotic stress management; for this reason, agro-sectors must embrace the application of nanotechnology in agriculture through genetic materials, herbicides, and nutrients in the application of nanotechnology ways like enhancing soil fertility, stress resilience, and protection. These include some of the important applications of nanomaterials in agriculture, such as advancing plant growth and development; crop yield; quality; and tracking and regulating agricultural diseases. Nanotechnology is a new, exciting breakthrough that offers a chance to fundamentally and continually improve augmented agricultural output and food production systems. Nanotechnology refers to the process of changing the substance at the atomic or molecular level for producing custom microscale-based goods or equipment. In this chapter, we have given more importance to nano-pesticides, nanocarriers, nano-sensors, nano-fertilizers, nano-packaging, etc., of nanomaterials to increase the yield in agriculture. The most devastating aspects of nanotechnology are its very high potential to penetrate the human system and accumulate through the process of biomagnification; it simultaneously adversely affects our environmental system. Also, health effects of nanoparticles on humans have yet to be known, such removal of nanoparticles may become very expensive if their hazardous amount comes into the soil and washes into rivers and other water bodies.