The ongoing challenges posed by frequent fog episodes in Lahore, especially during the winter months, highlight the need for this study. Conducted from 2010 to 2024, the research analyzed aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (AE) values from AERONET to investigate the role of fine particulate matter—largely from biomass burning, industrial emissions, and vehicular pollution—in fog formation. The study identified a strong association between elevated AOD levels (ranging from 0.4 to 0.8) and meteorological conditions such as low temperatures (6–9 °C), high relative humidity (RH, above 70%), and higher precipitable water (PW) levels of approximately 1.35 cm, all of which contribute to the formation of fog through pollutant accumulation and boundary-layer inversion. The research highlights the necessity of reducing aerosol concentrations by implementing stricter emissions regulations, promoting cleaner energy sources, improving public transportation, and expanding urban greenery. It also calls for heightened public awareness, advanced fog forecasting models, and cross-border cooperation to address transboundary pollution issues. This study provides essential insights for policymakers and researchers by offering actionable recommendations aimed at mitigating the health risks and socioeconomic disruptions caused by fog in Lahore.