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In the cross-chain systems, the user identity and the asset are usually transferred between different blockchains. Due to no protection on the transaction, the transaction is fully exposed, incurring serious economic loss. For example, Wormhole, a cross-chain interoperability protocol, was hacked with attackers forging messages from “guardians” to mint large amounts of whETH, which resulted in a loss of approximately $326 million (Wormhole security program — end-of-year update (2023). https://wormholecrypto.medium.com/wormhole-security-program-end-of-year-update-212116ecfb91 ). Harmony’s official cross-chain bridge, Horizon, was also attacked, causing a total loss of about $100 million due to a private key leakage (Cross-chain bridge attacks and payouts (2023). https://www.panewslab.com/zh/index.html ). Therefore, privacy leakage resistance in cross-chain transactions is a critical and desirable issue.

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Generic Privacy-Aware Cross-Chain Framework

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Peng Jiang,
  • Liehuang Zhu

摘要

In the cross-chain systems, the user identity and the asset are usually transferred between different blockchains. Due to no protection on the transaction, the transaction is fully exposed, incurring serious economic loss. For example, Wormhole, a cross-chain interoperability protocol, was hacked with attackers forging messages from “guardians” to mint large amounts of whETH, which resulted in a loss of approximately $326 million (Wormhole security program — end-of-year update (2023). https://wormholecrypto.medium.com/wormhole-security-program-end-of-year-update-212116ecfb91 ). Harmony’s official cross-chain bridge, Horizon, was also attacked, causing a total loss of about $100 million due to a private key leakage (Cross-chain bridge attacks and payouts (2023). https://www.panewslab.com/zh/index.html ). Therefore, privacy leakage resistance in cross-chain transactions is a critical and desirable issue.