Antibiofilm Activity of Natural Compounds
摘要
Biofilms are the adaptive structures formed by bacteria where large communities of bacteria are embedded in an extracellular matrix and a cell-to-cell communication known as Quorum sensing help bacteria to form and maintain the biofilm. Biofilms associated chronic and acute infections are on a rise globally. Survival within biofilm structures helps bacteria to resist antibiotics and disinfectants. Since there is an alarming increase in the development of antibiotic resistance, alternative approaches for biofilm control are explored during the last decades. There has been much study lately on elucidation of mechanism of bioflm formation and the role of different metabolites in the process. The development of antibiofilm molecules and protocols which target the steps in biofilm establishment and maintenance is the focus of current research. Among the several strategies for the control of biofilms, the plethora of natural compounds from plants, marine organisms, microorganisms, etc. is worth special and important attention. Plant based compounds such as phenolic compounds, essential oils, alkaloids, polyamines, terpenoids, flavonoids, and metabolites such as enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, surfactants, and antibiotics derived from marine algae, marine sponges, fungi or mushrooms, chitosan, antimicrobial peptides, honey, and metal chelators are examples of common natural compounds which act as antibiofilm agents. Phage therapy using bacteriophages that infect and kill bacteria is another approach in treating biofilm-associated bacterial infections. Nanoparticle formulations which interfere with cellular metabolism also can be potentially used to disrupt biofilms.