Comprehensive treatment processes alone can reduce water pollution problem to a significant extent. Alternative agricultural practices, afforestation, reforestation and protection, conservation, and expansion of natural forests and dense forests in mountain areas will be instrumental in the prevention of water pollution. Sewage treatment is one of the pivotal waste management strategies needed for ensuring environmental safety for the global society. There are three basic stages of sewage treatment: primary, secondary, and tertiary. An alternative strategy of sewage treatment involves the use of bacteria which are capable of breaking down sewage at 80 °C, and they are used in developing a system of decomposing sewage that uses these “hot” temperature bacteria alternately with the “cold” bacteria that grow at 37 °C. This system decomposes sludge in sewage into water and some mineral waste into four stages using hot temperature and cold temperature bacteria alternately. Mitigation strategies for contaminated groundwater include pumping the contaminated groundwater to bring it to the surface and then treating it using relevant methods, bioremediation, permeable reactive barriers, and in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO). Microplastic pollution mitigation strategies include innovative technologies for capturing microplastics at WWTPs, use of specialized microorganisms in the degradation of plastics, and comprehensive monitory programs for tracking microplastic pollution level in different ecosystems.