To date, Vietnam has been a party to new-generation FTAs, including the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement on Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA). The two agreements share certain objectives, ranging from the enhancement of the mutual supportiveness between trade policies and environment policies to the high level of environmental protection as well as the effective implementation of national environment laws, capacity of parties in the settlement of trade-related environment issues, and environment management protection. Meanwhile, since the turn of the 1990s, domestically Vietnam has set stepping stones for its sustainable development pursuit whereby environment protection is an inextricable part of the sustainable development strategy—the inevitable development roadmap of Vietnam. This chapter contends, firstly, the compatibility between the environmental objectives of the two agreements and those in Vietnam’s sustainable development policies. In particular, the accomplishment of environment-related objectives under these FTAs also serves the goals of efficient exploitation and utilization of natural resources of the strategy on sustainable development in Vietnam. Secondly, through analyzing environment-related provisions within Vietnam’s new-generation FTAs such as CPTPP and EVFTA, the research tackles the implications as well as challenges from legal and institutional perspective, and consequently provides some recommendations for Vietnam in the effective implementation of these provisions. Undoubtedly, to further promote sustainable development and particularly environment-related matters, it requires not only the authority, agencies, enterprises but the whole community of Vietnam to join forces.