Small millets, encompassing species like finger millet, foxtail millet, little millet, kodo millet, barnyard millet, and proso millet, are resilient, drought-tolerant grains revered for their nutritional richness and adaptability to diverse agro-ecologies. Cultivated primarily in semiarid regions of Asia and Africa, these grains offer vital sustenance and economic stability to millions. Despite their nutritional significance, these crops have encountered neglect due to the dominance of major staples. However, recent interest in their health benefits and climate-resilient traits has sparked a resurgence in their cultivation, emphasizing their potential to enhance food security and nutrition worldwide. Despite their commendable traits, small millets contribute to only 2% of the world’s cereal production. Their genetic potential faces limitations due to various biotic and abiotic stresses, leading to considerable yield and economic losses. Fungal diseases like blast (Magnaporthe spp.), leaf spot/blight (Helminthosporium spp.), rusts, and smuts are major constraints in cultivating small millets across key growing regions. Addressing these challenges globally demands a deeper understanding of diseases, their causal organisms, symptomatology, and epidemiology to devise effective management strategies. This book chapter emphasizes prevalent diseases in small millets, detailing symptoms, survival modes, spread, integrated mitigation practices, and novel approaches. Implementing these strategies offers potential to boost millet production and productivity by effectively managing diseases.